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Spanish Pensions System Made More Sustainable By Immigration
Researchers from the University of Valladolid have constructed a demographic and economic simulation model called "CarriÃön", which projects the costs of pensions, Social Security contributions and GDP up until 2060. The model also includes detailed scenarios about the behaviour of people migrating to Spain currently and in the future, in relation to the length of time they stay, their fertility, salaries and employment rate.
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Vietnamese HIV/AIDS Department Announces Funding For Prevention Efforts
Vietnamese officials announced recently that about 678 billion dong, or about $38.7 million, will be allocated for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in the country in 2009, the VNA/VietnamPlus.com reports. The announcement was made during a press briefing earlier this week held by the Department for HIV/AIDS Prevention and the Vietnam Journalists Association to review Vietnam"s HIV/AIDS efforts in 2008. Health officials at the briefing said that more than 27,000 people living with HIV/AIDS received treatment through one of the 207 district-level clinics put in place last year and that about 6,000 peer educators and health workers distributed information about the disease to 53.8% of the country"s districts.The new funding will help provide antiretroviral treatment to an estimated 32,000 people living with HIV/AIDS. It also will be used to provide post-exposure prophylaxis to health workers. In addition, the funding will allow up to 90% of HIV-positive pregnant women to receive antiretroviral treatment and information about preventing mother-to-child transmission. Last year, 20,260 new HIV cases were reported in Vietnam, of which 7,452 had progressed to AIDS, according to the HIV/AIDS department. The city of Ho Chi Minh reported the largest number of HIV cases with more than 34,000, accounting for more than 25% of the total number of cases in Vietnam (VNA/VietnamPlus.com, 5/12).
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The Long Road To Safe Motherhood In Nepal - Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Women in Nepal face the highest risk of maternal death in South Asia. The country"s high rates of maternal death and reproductive morbidity will be discussed at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) South Asia Day. The conference gathers together a group of international experts to discuss ways to achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 (reduce child mortality) and 5 (improve maternal health).
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AIDS Patients Face Higher Risk Of HPV-Related Cancers As Immunosuppression Grows

Risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is greater for people living with AIDS and increases with increasing immunosuppression, according to a new study published online July 31 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Although the risk of HPV-associated cancers is known to be higher among people with AIDS, the extent to which HIV-related immunosuppression plays a role is unclear. Anil K. Chaturvedi, Ph.D., of the Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch at the National Cancer Institute, in Rockville, Md., and colleagues used data from a cancer registry for almost 500,000 persons diagnosed with AIDS between 1980 and 2004 to estimate risks for HPV-associated cancers. These include cancers of the anus, cervix, oropharynx, penis, vagina, and vulva. The researchers also evaluated the relationship between immunosuppression and incidence of these cancers by counting CD4 T-cells at AIDS onset. Incidence was compared across three periods (1980-1989, 1990-1995, and 1996-2004). People with AIDS had a statistically significant higher risk for all HPV-associated cancers. >From 1996 (when highly active antiretroviral therapy was introduced) through 2004, a low CD4 T-cell count was associated with an increased risk of invasive anal cancer among men. This risk was higher in 1996-2004 than in 1990-1995. Both increases in risk were statistically significant. "Given that individuals currently infected with HIV may obtain little benefit from available HPV vaccinesò€¦our results underscore the need for effective screening for cervical cancer and anal cancer among persons with HIV infection or AIDS," the authors write. In an accompanying editorial, Howard D. Strickler, M.D., of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, said the study provides novel evidence associating HPV-related invasive cancers with the level of immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients. However, he also cautioned that while highly suggestive, the available data to date collectively still fall short of proving a biological relationship between HIV/AIDS and HPV-related cancers. Regarding the study by Chaturvedi et al, for example, after mentioning several important strengths to that study, Dr. Strickler also mentions: "Nonetheless, it must additionally be acknowledged that these associations between human papillomavirus-related cancers and markers of immunosuppression were of moderate strength, varied between cancer types, and await confirmation." Links: Article Editorial Journal of the National Cancer Institute


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