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What Is A Virus? What Is A Viral Infection?
A virus (from the Latin virus meaning toxin or poison) is a microscopic organism consisting of genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein, lipid (fat), or glycoprotein coat. Viruses are unique organisms because they cannot reproduce without a host cell. After contacting a host cell, a virus will insert genetic material into the host and take over the host"s functions. The cell, now infected, continues to reproduce, but it reproduces more viral protein and genetic material instead of its usual products. It is this process that earns viruses the classification of "parasite".
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News From The American Journal Of Pathology, June 2009
Stromal Caveolin-1 Predicts Breast Cancer Prognosis
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MS Patients Report Greater Treatment Satisfaction With TYSABRI
Biogen Idec (NASDAQ: BIIB) and Elan Corporation, plc (NYSE: ELN) have announced interim results from an ongoing, one-year longitudinal health-outcomes study in which patients reported significantly higher levels of treatment satisfaction after three infusions with TYSABRI® (natalizumab) when compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies used previously. The findings from the study, which were reported by patients on therapy, further demonstrate the benefits of TYSABRI in treating MS and are helping to redefine successful treatment of the disease. The study, which was performed in conjunction with HealthCore Inc., a health-outcomes research company, is being presented in a poster today during the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers.
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Can Tribble 3 Can Induce Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Three pseudo kinases of the Tribbles family have been recently recognized, which include TRB1, TRB2 and TRB3. Recent research has found that the expression of hepatic TRB3 increased in a rat model of diabetes. TRB3 could block the insulin signaling pathway through inhibiting Akt activation, which contributes to insulin resistance. This research, lead by Dr. Yu-Gang Wang and his colleagues in the Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, China, used real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technology and Western blotting analysis to study the protein expression of TRB3mRNA, Akt and phosphorylation protein kinase B during the progression of NAFLD. The expression level of TRB3mRNA in NAFLD rats was significantly higher than in normal controls. Also, the expression levels of Akt and p-Akt-Thr308 in NAFLD rats was significantly lower than the control group. Since TRB3 can block insulin signaling pathway through inhibiting Akt activation, which contributes to insulin resistance, it may be an important factor in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. This study provides an experimental basis for future studies on the role of TRB3 in NAFLD. The control of the expression level of TRB3 in liver may become a new target for NAFLD therapy. Reference: Wang YG, Shi M, Wang T, Shi T, Wei J, Wang N, Chen XM. Signal transduction mechanism of TRB3 in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(19): 2329-2335 Correspondence to: Dr. Xi-Mei Chen, Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China. Jian-Xia Cheng World Journal of Gastroenterology


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